<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-29851145</id><updated>2010-08-05T13:50:58.639+06:00</updated><title type='text'>Linux Articles</title><subtitle type='html'>Linux Related Articles</subtitle><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/posts/default'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://www.bauani.org/articles/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><link rel='next' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/posts/default?start-index=26&amp;max-results=25'/><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.bauani.org/articles/atom.xml'/><author><name>Bauani</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14040534836298340407</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>49</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-29851145.post-6073887040117885288</id><published>2010-08-05T13:50:00.001+06:00</published><updated>2010-08-05T13:50:58.681+06:00</updated><title type='text'>This blog has moved</title><summary type='text'>       This blog is now located at http://linux-articles.bauani.org/.       You will be automatically redirected in 30 seconds, or you may click here.       For feed subscribers, please update your feed subscriptions to       http://linux-articles.bauani.org/feeds/posts/default.  </summary><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/6073887040117885288/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=29851145&amp;postID=6073887040117885288' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/posts/default/6073887040117885288'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/posts/default/6073887040117885288'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://www.bauani.org/articles/2010/08/this-blog-has-moved_05.html' title='This blog has moved'/><author><name>Bauani</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14040534836298340407</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='13339697590217062389'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-29851145.post-9070967591449721413</id><published>2010-08-05T13:48:00.001+06:00</published><updated>2010-08-05T13:48:41.151+06:00</updated><title type='text'>This blog has moved</title><summary type='text'>       This blog is now located at http://linux-articles.bauani.org/.       You will be automatically redirected in 30 seconds, or you may click here.       For feed subscribers, please update your feed subscriptions to       http://linux-articles.bauani.org/feeds/posts/default.  </summary><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/9070967591449721413/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=29851145&amp;postID=9070967591449721413' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/posts/default/9070967591449721413'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/posts/default/9070967591449721413'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://www.bauani.org/articles/2010/08/this-blog-has-moved.html' title='This blog has moved'/><author><name>Bauani</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14040534836298340407</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='13339697590217062389'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-29851145.post-4465740247349081703</id><published>2008-10-20T21:58:00.001+06:00</published><updated>2008-10-20T21:59:45.039+06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='IT Job'/><title type='text'>Perl Programmer Needed in Bangladesh Location</title><summary type='text'>Perl Programmer Needed in Bangladesh LocationHi Guys,I know about a company who is looking for good, experienced perlprogrammers.Its name is "Cache Link" and they are at Banani Rd #11.Object oriented perl with experience in socket, I/O, threading using perl isneeded.People with good C/C++ knowledge in socket, thread programming experienceare also encouraged to apply.They will pay good </summary><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/4465740247349081703/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=29851145&amp;postID=4465740247349081703' title='5 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/posts/default/4465740247349081703'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/posts/default/4465740247349081703'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://www.bauani.org/articles/2008/10/perl-programmer-needed-in-bangladesh.html' title='Perl Programmer Needed in Bangladesh Location'/><author><name>Bauani</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14040534836298340407</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='13339697590217062389'/></author><thr:total>5</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-29851145.post-8460560711614723261</id><published>2008-10-20T21:33:00.002+06:00</published><updated>2008-10-20T21:40:06.721+06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Fedora'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='DNS Protocol'/><title type='text'>DNS Configuration on CentOS RHEL Fedora</title><summary type='text'>--- In bdlug@yahoogroups.com, Arif Uddin &lt;arifrhb@...&gt; wrote:Hi exparts, At my home i just trying to configure. 1. I canged named.conf file2. make forward and reversed file and configure it.now i just check that my dns is well but responsed that server not find. I do all the process flowing http://www.linuxhomenetworking.com/ can any body send me the best process to configure a dns server.thanks </summary><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/8460560711614723261/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=29851145&amp;postID=8460560711614723261' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/posts/default/8460560711614723261'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/posts/default/8460560711614723261'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://www.bauani.org/articles/2008/10/dns-configuration-on-centos-rhel-fedora.html' title='DNS Configuration on CentOS RHEL Fedora'/><author><name>Bauani</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14040534836298340407</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='13339697590217062389'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-29851145.post-3669816982898642486</id><published>2008-10-12T11:00:00.004+06:00</published><updated>2008-10-12T11:04:48.821+06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='DNS Protocol'/><title type='text'>Trableshooting Bind DNS Server on Redhat, Centos or Fedora</title><summary type='text'>Trableshooting Bind DNS Server on Redhat, Centos or FedoraHi Mr. ArifThe link you provided is very reach on different service configurationon a Linux Box. But the way you asked to help has not enoughinformation to help you.To give you a complete solution for your DNS problem, anyone mightneed to see the configuration files of your Linux box listed bellow:/etc/named.conf/etc/sysconfig/namedAll </summary><link rel='related' href='http://www.bauani.org/articles/2008/10/trableshooting-bind-dns-server-on.html' title='Trableshooting Bind DNS Server on Redhat, Centos or Fedora'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/3669816982898642486/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=29851145&amp;postID=3669816982898642486' title='2 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/posts/default/3669816982898642486'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/posts/default/3669816982898642486'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://www.bauani.org/articles/2008/10/trableshooting-bind-dns-server-on.html' title='Trableshooting Bind DNS Server on Redhat, Centos or Fedora'/><author><name>Bauani</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14040534836298340407</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='13339697590217062389'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-29851145.post-39900831156904311</id><published>2008-10-07T02:24:00.004+06:00</published><updated>2008-10-07T04:15:18.407+06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='HTTP Protocol'/><title type='text'>Basic HTTP Protocol: How Webserver And Web client  Talk Each Other</title><summary type='text'>Basic HTTP Protocol: How Webserver And Web client  (Browser )Talk Each OtherWebserver is A "server" which is specifically used for displaying web pages or web sites. Webserver store pages on it's directory and serve when requested by any web client (Browser) via HTTP Protocol. Every webserver has their unique IP address(Internet Protocol Address) which help the Browser to locate your webserver in</summary><link rel='related' href='http://www.bauani.org/articles/2008/10/basic-http-protocol-how-webserver-and.html' title='Basic HTTP Protocol: How Webserver And Web client  Talk Each Other'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/39900831156904311/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=29851145&amp;postID=39900831156904311' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/posts/default/39900831156904311'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/posts/default/39900831156904311'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://www.bauani.org/articles/2008/10/basic-http-protocol-how-webserver-and.html' title='Basic HTTP Protocol: How Webserver And Web client  Talk Each Other'/><author><name>Bauani</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14040534836298340407</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='13339697590217062389'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-29851145.post-2485499230870506132</id><published>2008-10-07T01:36:00.009+06:00</published><updated>2008-10-18T15:15:20.891+06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='HTTP Protocol'/><title type='text'>Apache Web Server Performance Tuning and Quick Security Tips</title><summary type='text'>Apache Web Server Performance Tuning and Quick Security TipsIn WWW web publication, most of Apache Server Administrator's thinking are pointed to one issue, "How can I Improve the Performance of Apache Web Server, not Sacrificing the Security of Web Application" In September 2008, Web Server Survey shows that out of 181,277,835 active web sites (181 Million), Apache Web Server is being used as </summary><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/2485499230870506132/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=29851145&amp;postID=2485499230870506132' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/posts/default/2485499230870506132'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/posts/default/2485499230870506132'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://www.bauani.org/articles/2008/10/apache-web-server-performance-tuning.html' title='Apache Web Server Performance Tuning and Quick Security Tips'/><author><name>Bauani</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14040534836298340407</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='13339697590217062389'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-29851145.post-9008037788658794850</id><published>2008-10-04T14:05:00.002+06:00</published><updated>2008-10-07T04:17:54.927+06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Fedora'/><title type='text'>Configuring HUAWEI ETS2058 fixed wireless terminal of National Phone  in fedora9</title><summary type='text'>Configuring HUAWEI ETS2058 fixed wireless terminal of National Phone  in fedora9Hi everyone ,EID MUBARAKI 'm get connected with NP internet.I can access it via Windows Proxy,but not direct in fedora9.Anyone configured it already ? or have knowledge.. ?Please let me know....rousseau</summary><link rel='related' href='http://www.bauani.org/articles/2008/10/configuring-huawei-ets2058-fixed.html' title='Configuring HUAWEI ETS2058 fixed wireless terminal of National Phone  in fedora9'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/9008037788658794850/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=29851145&amp;postID=9008037788658794850' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/posts/default/9008037788658794850'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/posts/default/9008037788658794850'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://www.bauani.org/articles/2008/10/configuring-huawei-ets2058-fixed.html' title='Configuring HUAWEI ETS2058 fixed wireless terminal of National Phone  in fedora9'/><author><name>Bauani</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14040534836298340407</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='13339697590217062389'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-29851145.post-4403333430449783931</id><published>2008-09-24T22:26:00.001+06:00</published><updated>2008-10-07T04:18:41.651+06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Linux Filesystem'/><title type='text'>How to Create VMFS3 partition in SATA Hard Disk</title><summary type='text'>How to Create VMFS3 partition in SATA Hard DiskHi All, I have installed VMware ESX Server in a Clone machine. During installation i partition the SATA HDD as follows: http://www.takeabyte.com.au/2008/07/partitioning-vmware-esx-server-35-during-installation/Now i am not getting persistent data storage for Virtual Machine. Attach file contains the Partition table. Can any one please help in getting</summary><link rel='related' href='http://www.bauani.org/articles/2008/09/how-to-create-vmfs3-partition-in-sata.html' title='How to Create VMFS3 partition in SATA Hard Disk'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/4403333430449783931/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=29851145&amp;postID=4403333430449783931' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/posts/default/4403333430449783931'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/posts/default/4403333430449783931'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://www.bauani.org/articles/2008/09/how-to-create-vmfs3-partition-in-sata.html' title='How to Create VMFS3 partition in SATA Hard Disk'/><author><name>Bauani</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14040534836298340407</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='13339697590217062389'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-29851145.post-7474997057340572488</id><published>2008-08-19T18:04:00.000+06:00</published><updated>2008-08-19T18:04:03.159+06:00</updated><title type='text'>DNS vulnerability Found on Current Version of Bind</title><summary type='text'>DNS vulnerability Found on Current Version of BindBy Joe Barr on July 08, 2008 (8:05:22 PM)Whether you're running Linux, Windows, Cisco, Sun, or other DNS servers, you are at risk from a newly discovered vulnerability. So says Dan Kaminsky, head of penetration testing research at IO Active, who accidentally discovered the DNS "design flaw" earlier this year.You can check whether the DNS servers </summary><link rel='related' href='http://www.bauani.org/thinkings/2008/08/current-bind-dns-vulnerability-patches.html' title='DNS vulnerability Found on Current Version of Bind'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/7474997057340572488/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=29851145&amp;postID=7474997057340572488' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/posts/default/7474997057340572488'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/posts/default/7474997057340572488'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://www.bauani.org/articles/2008/08/dns-vulnerability-found-on-current.html' title='DNS vulnerability Found on Current Version of Bind'/><author><name>Bauani</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14040534836298340407</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='13339697590217062389'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-29851145.post-9175726886536407166</id><published>2008-08-05T17:02:00.000+06:00</published><updated>2008-08-05T17:02:03.802+06:00</updated><title type='text'>SmartRelay DS Sendmail Relayhost Postfix smtproutes Qmail</title><summary type='text'>Smart Relay Config relayhost in PostFix Like DS in SendmailSmartRelay Configuration and Relayhost in PostFix Like DS in Sendmail or Smtprouter in Qmail   Subject: 'Smartrelay Configuration' by 'relayhost on 'Postfix, DS on Sendmail and smtprouter in Qmail.Problem: In Sendmail MTA, there is a configuration option, which called "Smart Relay" or “DS” on ‘sendmail.cf’ configuration file. Using this "</summary><link rel='related' href='http://www.bauani.org/thinkings/2008/02/smart-relay-config-relayhost-in-postfix.html' title='SmartRelay DS Sendmail Relayhost Postfix smtproutes Qmail'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/9175726886536407166/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=29851145&amp;postID=9175726886536407166' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/posts/default/9175726886536407166'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/posts/default/9175726886536407166'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://www.bauani.org/articles/2008/08/smartrelay-ds-sendmail-relayhost.html' title='SmartRelay DS Sendmail Relayhost Postfix smtproutes Qmail'/><author><name>Bauani</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14040534836298340407</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='13339697590217062389'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-29851145.post-2533411523157348543</id><published>2008-07-27T03:14:00.000+06:00</published><updated>2008-07-27T03:14:39.085+06:00</updated><title type='text'>Bangladesh Earthquake which Hits many parts of Country on 27 July 2008</title><summary type='text'>Bangladesh Earthquake which Hits many parts of Country on 27 July 2008 at 00:56:09 Hour BDT, make panic amount the resident of high rise buldingEarthquake of approximate 4.5* (Actually 5.6)** on the Richter scale, struck Bangladesh on Sunday 27 July 2008 at approximate 00:56:09 Hour BDT (+6 GMT). But no damage or casualty was immediately reported. More on Bangladesh Earthquake or Dhaka Earthquake </summary><link rel='related' href='http://www.bauani.org/thinkings/2008/07/earthquake-hits-bangladesh-on-27-july.html' title='Bangladesh Earthquake which Hits many parts of Country on 27 July 2008'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/2533411523157348543/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=29851145&amp;postID=2533411523157348543' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/posts/default/2533411523157348543'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/posts/default/2533411523157348543'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://www.bauani.org/articles/2008/07/bangladesh-earthquake-which-hits-many.html' title='Bangladesh Earthquake which Hits many parts of Country on 27 July 2008'/><author><name>Bauani</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14040534836298340407</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='13339697590217062389'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-29851145.post-8928426231945200909</id><published>2008-07-24T12:34:00.005+06:00</published><updated>2008-07-24T13:02:00.523+06:00</updated><title type='text'>Bangladesh News Site Bangla-News.net is Experiencing DDoS Attack At this Moment</title><summary type='text'>Bangladesh News Site Bangla-News.net is Experiencing DDoS Attack At this MomentAre you confused or surprised to see this page when you were looking for the news site http://www.bangla-news.net/ ? I am sure you are. Actually the Bangla News site http://www.bangla-news.net/ is currently experiencing DDoS Attack. To prevent this attack, all HTTP request to bangle-news.net is now redirected to this </summary><link rel='related' href='http://www.bauani.org/articles/2008/07/bangladesh-news-site-bangla-newsnet-is.html' title='Bangladesh News Site Bangla-News.net is Experiencing DDoS Attack At this Moment'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/8928426231945200909/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=29851145&amp;postID=8928426231945200909' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/posts/default/8928426231945200909'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/posts/default/8928426231945200909'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://www.bauani.org/articles/2008/07/bangladesh-news-site-bangla-newsnet-is.html' title='Bangladesh News Site Bangla-News.net is Experiencing DDoS Attack At this Moment'/><author><name>Bauani</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14040534836298340407</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='13339697590217062389'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-29851145.post-3627987457954520072</id><published>2008-07-22T10:32:00.000+06:00</published><updated>2008-07-22T10:32:05.106+06:00</updated><title type='text'>Information: iPhone 2.0 Can Read Bangla - Sucess from Bangladeshi</title><summary type='text'>Information: iPhone 2.0 Can Read Bangla - Sucess from Bangladeshi</summary><link rel='related' href='http://www.bauani.org/thinkings/2008/07/iphone-20-can-read-bangla-sucess-from.html' title='Information: iPhone 2.0 Can Read Bangla - Sucess from Bangladeshi'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/3627987457954520072/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=29851145&amp;postID=3627987457954520072' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/posts/default/3627987457954520072'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/posts/default/3627987457954520072'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://www.bauani.org/articles/2008/07/information-iphone-20-can-read-bangla.html' title='Information: iPhone 2.0 Can Read Bangla - Sucess from Bangladeshi'/><author><name>Bauani</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14040534836298340407</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='13339697590217062389'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-29851145.post-6469708442809042833</id><published>2008-03-18T16:58:00.002+06:00</published><updated>2008-03-18T17:02:34.097+06:00</updated><title type='text'>One and Only CentOS Mirror in Dhaka Bangladesh</title><summary type='text'>Dear AllI am happy to Announce our First, One and Only Mirror of CentOS in Dhaka, Bangladesh - A little country of south Asia.Details of our CentOS Mirror:Organization: Bangladesh Network Information Center http://www.bdnic.net/Contact: centos-org at bauani.orgProtocols: HTTPCentos Versions: ALLArch: ALL official of CentOSHTTP URL: http://www.bdnic.net/mirrors/centos/Syncing: 2 to 3 Times a </summary><link rel='related' href='http://www.bauani.org/thinkings/2008/03/one-and-only-centos-mirror-in-dhaka.html' title='One and Only CentOS Mirror in Dhaka Bangladesh'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/6469708442809042833/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=29851145&amp;postID=6469708442809042833' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/posts/default/6469708442809042833'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/posts/default/6469708442809042833'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://www.bauani.org/articles/2008/03/one-and-only-centos-mirror-in-dhaka.html' title='One and Only CentOS Mirror in Dhaka Bangladesh'/><author><name>Bauani</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14040534836298340407</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='13339697590217062389'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-29851145.post-2180425731617541932</id><published>2008-01-10T13:05:00.002+06:00</published><updated>2008-11-12T22:46:04.012+06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='bogon'/><title type='text'>Current Updated Bogon List</title><summary type='text'>As on January 10, 2008 Bogon List contain following IP range:0.0.0.0/81.0.0.0/82.0.0.0/85.0.0.0/823.0.0.0/827.0.0.0/831.0.0.0/836.0.0.0/837.0.0.0/839.0.0.0/842.0.0.0/846.0.0.0/849.0.0.0/850.0.0.0/8100.0.0.0/8101.0.0.0/8102.0.0.0/8103.0.0.0/8104.0.0.0/8105.0.0.0/8106.0.0.0/8107.0.0.0/8108.0.0.0/8109.0.0.0/8127.0.0.0/8169.254.0.0/16173.0.0.0/8174.0.0.0/8175.0.0.0/8176.0.0.0/8177.0.0.0/8178.0.0.0/</summary><link rel='related' href='http://www.bauani.org/articles/2008/01/current-updated-bogon-list.html' title='Current Updated Bogon List'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/2180425731617541932/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=29851145&amp;postID=2180425731617541932' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/posts/default/2180425731617541932'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/posts/default/2180425731617541932'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://www.bauani.org/articles/2008/01/current-updated-bogon-list.html' title='Current Updated Bogon List'/><author><name>Bauani</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14040534836298340407</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='13339697590217062389'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-29851145.post-5955381212876669033</id><published>2008-01-10T12:33:00.000+06:00</published><updated>2008-01-10T13:26:02.593+06:00</updated><title type='text'>Bogon Filter</title><summary type='text'>Many ISPs and end user firewalls filter and block bogons, because they have no legitimate use, and are therefore the result of accidental or malicious misconfiguration at the sender. Bogons can be filtered by using router ACLs, DNS blackholing even by BGP blackholing.When an Administrator wants to use BOGON in their firewall or blackhole design, he MUST know what is BOGON, how it works and the </summary><link rel='related' href='http://www.bauani.org/articles/2008/01/bogon-filter.html' title='Bogon Filter'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/5955381212876669033/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=29851145&amp;postID=5955381212876669033' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/posts/default/5955381212876669033'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/posts/default/5955381212876669033'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://www.bauani.org/articles/2008/01/bogon-filter.html' title='Bogon Filter'/><author><name>Bauani</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14040534836298340407</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='13339697590217062389'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-29851145.post-1576250355898452627</id><published>2008-01-10T12:09:00.000+06:00</published><updated>2008-01-10T12:52:19.202+06:00</updated><title type='text'>BOGON</title><summary type='text'>"Bogon" is an informal name for an IP packet on the public Internet that claims to be from an area of the IP address space reserved, but not yet allocated or delegated to any organization by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) or a delegated Regional Internet Registry (RIR). The areas of unallocated address space are called "bogon space". Simply, IP address which is currently not </summary><link rel='related' href='http://www.bauani.org/articles/2008/01/bogon.html' title='BOGON'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/1576250355898452627/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=29851145&amp;postID=1576250355898452627' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/posts/default/1576250355898452627'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/posts/default/1576250355898452627'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://www.bauani.org/articles/2008/01/bogon.html' title='BOGON'/><author><name>Bauani</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14040534836298340407</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='13339697590217062389'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-29851145.post-3327583528495361360</id><published>2007-11-09T12:58:00.000+06:00</published><updated>2007-11-09T13:02:28.631+06:00</updated><title type='text'>Gobuntu: A Truly Free Linux Distro or a Free Drivers Experiment?</title><summary type='text'>Gobuntu: A Truly Free Linux Distro or a Free Drivers Experiment?November 8, 2007By Roy Schestowitz"It has nothing whatsoever to do with Freedom," argues one of Gobuntu’s contributors. The contributor, Keith G. Robertson-Turner, is a longtime, passionate advocate of free software. Before joining Gobuntu, he was among the first package maintainers on the Fedora project. Yet recently he opted to </summary><link rel='related' href='http://www.bauani.org/articles/' title='Gobuntu: A Truly Free Linux Distro or a Free Drivers Experiment?'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/3327583528495361360/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=29851145&amp;postID=3327583528495361360' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/posts/default/3327583528495361360'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/posts/default/3327583528495361360'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://www.bauani.org/articles/2007/11/gobuntu-truly-free-linux-distro-or-free.html' title='Gobuntu: A Truly Free Linux Distro or a Free Drivers Experiment?'/><author><name>Bauani</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14040534836298340407</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='13339697590217062389'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-29851145.post-2762355518453783082</id><published>2007-11-09T12:53:00.000+06:00</published><updated>2007-11-09T12:57:08.963+06:00</updated><title type='text'>Low Cost PC Server Device for Google Apps</title><summary type='text'>An anonymous reader writes to mention that hardware hacking enthusiasts can now get their hands on the guts of the Everex TC2502 Linux PC for just $60 (USD). The compact x86-compatible "gOS Dev Board" offers a lightweight Linux-based OS designed for use with Google Apps." Along with a Firefox browser supporting the Google toolbar, gOS includes local productivity applications, such as </summary><link rel='related' href='http://www.bauani.org/articles/' title='Low Cost PC Server Device for Google Apps'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/2762355518453783082/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=29851145&amp;postID=2762355518453783082' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/posts/default/2762355518453783082'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/posts/default/2762355518453783082'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://www.bauani.org/articles/2007/11/low-cost-pc-server-device-for-google.html' title='Low Cost PC Server Device for Google Apps'/><author><name>Bauani</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14040534836298340407</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='13339697590217062389'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-29851145.post-5063888457277237427</id><published>2007-11-09T12:21:00.000+06:00</published><updated>2007-11-09T12:25:58.522+06:00</updated><title type='text'>Red Hat expands Linux server partners with Amazon</title><summary type='text'>5.1 upgrade supports broader virtualization, software appliances and computing in the cloudBy Robert Mullins, Network World, 11/07/07Red Hat is updating its Linux-based server operating system and offering a number of other related improvements aimed at helping the company assume a leadership role in enterprise computing. The enhancements include support for software appliances, improved </summary><link rel='related' href='http://www.networkworld.com/news/2007/110707-red-hat-linux-amazon.html' title='Red Hat expands Linux server partners with Amazon'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/5063888457277237427/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=29851145&amp;postID=5063888457277237427' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/posts/default/5063888457277237427'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/posts/default/5063888457277237427'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://www.bauani.org/articles/2007/11/red-hat-expands-linux-server-partners.html' title='Red Hat expands Linux server partners with Amazon'/><author><name>Bauani</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14040534836298340407</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='13339697590217062389'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-29851145.post-3976612874932368780</id><published>2007-11-09T12:17:00.000+06:00</published><updated>2007-11-09T12:20:14.842+06:00</updated><title type='text'>Gentoo Linux Security  User assisted execution of arbitrary code GLSA 200711-12</title><summary type='text'>Gentoo Linux Security Advisory - Tomboy: User-assisted execution of arbitrary code (GLSA 200711-12)-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----Hash: SHA1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Gentoo Linux Security Advisory                           GLSA 200711-12- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -</summary><link rel='related' href='http://www.net-security.org/advisory.php?id=8114' title='Gentoo Linux Security  User assisted execution of arbitrary code GLSA 200711-12'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/3976612874932368780/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=29851145&amp;postID=3976612874932368780' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/posts/default/3976612874932368780'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/posts/default/3976612874932368780'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://www.bauani.org/articles/2007/11/gentoo-linux-security-user-assisted.html' title='Gentoo Linux Security  User assisted execution of arbitrary code GLSA 200711-12'/><author><name>Bauani</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14040534836298340407</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='13339697590217062389'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-29851145.post-6565088459122801942</id><published>2007-11-09T11:28:00.000+06:00</published><updated>2007-11-09T11:32:37.314+06:00</updated><title type='text'>Skype releases 2.0 for Linux with video calling and some bugfixes</title><summary type='text'>The big takeaway from this Beta rev is video calling, as well as lots of related options.Actually, the release version is 2.0.0.13, which can be downloaded from http://www.Skype.com/downloadHere’s Skype’s take on what ’s new:    * feature: Video.    * feature: Option to automatically answer incoming calls (under Options -&gt; Privacy).    * feature: Use user’s desktop locale if a locale hasn’t been </summary><link rel='related' href='http://blogs.zdnet.com/ip-telephony/?p=2712' title='Skype releases 2.0 for Linux with video calling and some bugfixes'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/6565088459122801942/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=29851145&amp;postID=6565088459122801942' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/posts/default/6565088459122801942'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/posts/default/6565088459122801942'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://www.bauani.org/articles/2007/11/skype-releases-20-for-linux-with-video.html' title='Skype releases 2.0 for Linux with video calling and some bugfixes'/><author><name>Bauani</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14040534836298340407</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='13339697590217062389'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-29851145.post-115249780817948706</id><published>2006-07-10T08:11:00.000+06:00</published><updated>2006-07-10T08:16:48.183+06:00</updated><title type='text'>Linux Terminal Servers for Any Business</title><summary type='text'>By Mark Rais on Tue, 2006-06-27 01:00.  HOWTOsHow businesses can tap the power of thin clients with Linux Terminal Server (LTS).A Linux Terminal Server offers any business an elegant and cost-effective way to integrate the power of open source. In this article, I review some basics of network topology and offer suggestions about how to install a prototype server. I top it off with some tips for </summary><link rel='related' href='http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/8822' title='Linux Terminal Servers for Any Business'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/115249780817948706/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=29851145&amp;postID=115249780817948706' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/posts/default/115249780817948706'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/posts/default/115249780817948706'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://www.bauani.org/articles/2006/07/linux-terminal-servers-for-any.html' title='Linux Terminal Servers for Any Business'/><author><name>Bauani</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14040534836298340407</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='13339697590217062389'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-29851145.post-115249717660830175</id><published>2006-07-10T08:00:00.000+06:00</published><updated>2006-07-10T08:06:16.623+06:00</updated><title type='text'>Staking the Vampire: SCO's case comes to an end?</title><summary type='text'>Jul. 04, 2006Since day one of The SCO Group's lawsuit against IBM on the grounds that the corporate giant had stolen its Unix intellectual property for the betterment of Linux, SCO's opponents have shouted that there was nothing to the company's accusations.Now, more than three years since the fight began, lawyers think that the court's recent decision to dismiss many of SCO's claims has shown </summary><link rel='related' href='http://www.linux-watch.com/news/NS8460241444.html' title='Staking the Vampire: SCO&apos;s case comes to an end?'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/115249717660830175/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=29851145&amp;postID=115249717660830175' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/posts/default/115249717660830175'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/29851145/posts/default/115249717660830175'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://www.bauani.org/articles/2006/07/staking-vampire-scos-case-comes-to-end.html' title='Staking the Vampire: SCO&apos;s case comes to an end?'/><author><name>Bauani</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14040534836298340407</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='13339697590217062389'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry></feed>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
